A sentence that is syntactically correct, however, is not always semantically correct. Syntax is the grammatical structure of the text, whereas semantics is the meaning being conveyed. Language is a set of valid sentences, but what makes a sentence valid? Syntax and semantics. Syntactic analysis (syntax) and semantic analysis (semantic) are the two primary techniques that lead to the understanding of natural language. Note that a perfect understanding of language by a computer would result in an AI that can process the whole information that is available on the internet, which in turn would probably result in artificial general intelligence. Just take a look at the following newspaper headline "The Pope’s baby steps on gays." This sentence clearly has two very different interpretations, which is a pretty good example of the challenges in NLP. Every language is more or less unique and ambiguous. Also, words can have several meanings and contextual information is necessary to correctly interpret sentences. For example, there are an infinite number of different ways to arrange words in a sentence. Understanding human language is considered a difficult task due to its complexity. This means we can convey the same meaning in different ways (i.e., speech, gesture, signs, etc.) The encoding by the human brain is a continuous pattern of activation by which the symbols are transmitted via continuous signals of sound and vision. According to Chris Manning, a machine learning professor at Stanford, it is a discrete, symbolic, categorical signaling system. It is a complex system, although little children can learn it pretty quickly.Īnother remarkable thing about human language is that it is all about symbols. It is specifically constructed to convey the speaker/writer's meaning. Human language is special for several reasons.
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